What VPN Means | How it works | Tara Kumawat

The full name of VPN is Virtual Private Network, it is a network technology that makes secure connections in public networks such as the Internet and private networks such as Wi-Fi. VPN is a great way to keep your network secure and protect your personal data from hackers.

VPN service is mostly used by people like businessmen, organizations, government agencies, educational institutions and corporations working online so that they can keep their important data safe from unauthorized users. VPN protects all types of data, that is, what is necessary and what is not even necessary. Those who are common people and they use the internet for browsing, they can also use VPN service through VPN application on their phone or computer.

When it comes to internet freedom in India, then there is a big hit here about free internet. This is because many times the local government does regular blocking and access restriction in different parts of the country, due to this it becomes very difficult to download and upload at times, sometimes you may get jailed due to not following the rules.

In such a situation, we need some such technology so that we can keep our identity safe. Keeping ourselves protected means that by using VPN, it keeps our identity private and secure, while also helping to bypass many restrictions.

How VPN Works – How VPN 

The most important job of VPN is to keep your connection or all the work you are doing on the internet safe. Along with that, the biggest advantage of using VPN is that whatever restrictions are there on the internet, like there are some websites which we cannot access in our country, then we will be able to access that website easily with the help of VPN. Meaning the website which you were not allowed to see earlier, now you can see that website through VPN.

When we connect our device with VPN then that device works like a local network and whenever we search by putting that website in our phone's browser which is blocked in our country then VPN to do its work. starts. Sends the user's request to the server of that blocked website through VPN and then from there shows all the content and information of the website in the user's device.

When we connect our device with VPN then that device works like a local network and whenever we search by putting that website in our phone's browser which is blocked in our country then VPN to do its work. starts. Sends the user's request to the server of that blocked website through VPN and then from there shows all the content and information of the website in the user's device.

For example, let me tell you that what is Netflix in India has just arrived, but before that when Netflix was not in India and if we had to watch Netflix, then what would we do that we would have stayed in India and connected to the VPN whose server is assumed. If it is in the US or in the UK, then after connecting, we can watch Netflix with great ease through that server.

There are many software available on the internet to use VPN, some are of free version and some are of paid version which you can use by installing on both your smartphone and computer.

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How to use VPN

Now then we have got some information about what is VPN. Then in such a situation, we have to know how to use these VPNs in your Desktop Computer or SmartPhone.

How to set up VPN in your computer?

If you want to use VPN on your computer, then for this you have to use Opera Developer Software. You just have to download and install that software.

1. After installing first, you have to open the app, now you will see an option of menu in the upper side, you will have to click on it then click on setting.

2. By clicking on Setting, you will have the option of Privacy and Security, then clicking on it, you will see the option of VPN, there you will have to tick Enable VPN.

3. By doing this VPN will be activated in your Opera browser, now you can access all blocked websites in it.

4. Now you can see VPN written near the URL of the browser, by clicking on it you can turn on / off the VPN whenever you want, as well as change the location wherever you want.

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Physical Media | What is Physical Media & It's types | Tara Kumawat

Physical Media :

A lot of us rely on wireless networking methods that work using technologies like radio frequency and infrared , but even wireless depends on a physical media backbone in place somewhere. And the majority of installed LANs today communicate via some kind of cabling, so let's take  a look at the tree types of popular cables used in modern networking designs.  

                                                                   

• Coaxial
• Twisted-pair
• Fiber optic                                                                                                 

Coaxial cable 

Coaxial cable, referred to as coax, contains  a center conductor made  of copper that's surrounded by a plastic jacket with a braided shield over it. A plastic such as polyvinyl chloride  (PVT) or fluoroethylene propylene (FEP, commonly know as Teflon) covers this metal shield. The Teflon- type covering is frequently referred to as a plenum- rated coating, and it's definitely  expensive but often mandate by local or municipal fire code when cable is hidden in walls and ceilings . Plenum rating applied to all types of cabling and is an approved replacement for all other composition of cable sheathing and insulation like PVT- based assembling.

  

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Twisted Pair Cable :

Twisted pair cable consists of multiple individually insulated wires that are twisted together in pairs . Sometimes a metallic shield is placed around them , hence the name shielding  twisted pair (STP). Cable without outer shielding  is called unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP). and it's used in twisted-pair Ethernet (10BaseT, 100BaseTX ,100BaseTX) networks.

Fiber Optical Cable :

Because fiber-optic transmits digital signals using  light impulses rather than electricity, it's immune to EMI and RFI.

anyone's who's seen a network's UTP cable run down an elevator would definitely appreciate this fiber feature. Fiber cable allows light impulses to be carried on either a glass or a plastic core. Glass can carry the signal a greater distance , but plastic costs less.

Whichever the type of core, it's surrounding by a glass or plastic cladding with a different refraction index that  reflects the light back into the core. Around this is a layer of flexible plastic buffer that can be wrapped in an armor coating that's usually Kevlar , which is then sheathed in PVC or plenum.

There are two types of Fiber optical-cable:

1. Single Mode Fiber

2. Multimode Fiber

1. Single mode fiber :

Single mode fiber -optic cable (SMF) is a very high-speed ,long-distance media  that consists of a single strand - sometimes two strands -of glass fiber that carries the signals . Light-emitting diodes(LEDs) and laser are the light sources used with SMF.

2. Multimode fiber :

Multimode fiber-optic cable (MMF) also used light to communicate a signal , but with it, the light is dispersed on numerous  paths at it travels through the core and is reflected back. A special material called cladding is used to line the core and focus the light back onto it.  

      

 

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Networking Components | What's Networking Components & It's types | Tara Kumawat

 

Networking |What's a network & Types of Network |Tara Kumawat

 

What's a Networking :

The dictionary define the word network as "a group or system of interconnected people or things." Similarly, in the computer world, the network means two or more connected computers that can share resources  such as a data and applications, office machines , an Internet connection  , or some combination of these.

Types Of Network: 

1. Personal Area Network (PAN) :

The smallest and most basic type of network, a PAN is made up of a wireless modem, a computer or two, phones, printers, tablets, etc., and revolves around one person in one building. These types of networks are typically found in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization from a single device.

2. Local Area Network (LAN) :

We’re confident that you’ve heard of these types of networks before – LANs are the most frequently discussed networks, one of the most common, one of the most original and one of the simplest types of networks. LANs connect groups of computers and low-voltage devices together across short distances (within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to each other) to share information and resources. Enterprises typically manage and maintain LANs.

Using routers, LANs can connect to wide area networks (WANs, explained below) to rapidly and safely transfer data.

3. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) :

Functioning like a LAN, WLANs make use of wireless technology, such as Wi-Fi. Typically seen in the same types of applications as LANs, these types of networks don’t require that devices rely on physical cables to connect to the network.

4. Campus Area Network (CAN) :

Larger than LANs, but smaller than metropolitan area networks (MANs, explained below), these types of networks are typically seen in universities, large K-12 school districts or small businesses. They can be spread across several buildings that are fairly close to each other so users can share resources.

5. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) :

These types of networks are larger than LANs but smaller than WANs – and incorporate elements from both types of networks. MANs span an entire geographic area (typically a town or city, but sometimes a campus). Ownership and maintenance is handled by either a single person or company (a local council, a large company, etc.).

6. Wide Area Network (WAN) :

Slightly more complex than a LAN, a WAN connects computers together across longer physical distances. This allows computers and low-voltage devices to be remotely connected to each other over one large network to communicate even when they’re miles apart.

The Internet is the most basic example of a WAN, connecting all computers together around the world. Because of a WAN’s vast reach, it is typically owned and maintained by multiple administrators or the public.

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7. Storage-Area Network (SAN) :

As a dedicated high-speed network that connects shared pools of storage devices to several servers, these types of networks don’t rely on a LAN or WAN. Instead, they move storage resources away from the network and place them into their own high-performance network. SANs can be accessed in the same fashion as a drive attached to a server. Types of storage-area networks include converged, virtual and unified SANs.

8. System-Area Network (also known as SAN) :

This term is fairly new within the past two decades. It is used to explain a relatively local network that is designed to provide high-speed connection in server-to-server applications (cluster environments), storage area networks (called “SANs” as well) and processor-to-processor applications. The computers connected on a SAN operate as a single system at very high speeds.

9. Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) :

As an alternative to traditional switch-based Ethernet LANs, POLAN technology can be integrated into structured cabling to overcome concerns about supporting traditional Ethernet protocols and network applications such as PoE (Power over Ethernet). A point-to-multipoint LAN architecture, POLAN uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from one strand of singlemode optical fiber into multiple signals to serve users and devices.

10. Enterprise Private Network (EPN) :

These types of networks are built and owned by businesses that want to securely connect its various locations to share computer resources.

11. Virtual Private Network (VPN) :

By extending a private network across the Internet, a VPN lets its users send and receive data as if their devices were connected to the private network – even if they’re not. Through a virtual point-to-point connection, users can access a private network remotely.

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